Cultural Development During The Carolingian Renaissance

One cultural development was during the Carolingian Renaissance. In an attempt to unify his empire Charlemagne directed that the Christian worship practices of city of Rome should become the norm throughout his territories. Charlemagne then sent one his scholar courtiers to ask Pope Hadrian I for a â€Å"pure Gregorian â€Å"sacramentary. However, this book was incomplete and as a result it was supplemented with texts and ceremonies familiar to Frankish worshipers. The fusion of sober, classical Roman prayer with the dramatic, exuberant Frankish prayer forms the core of the Roman Rite. This was also the primary form of liturgy for the Roman Catholic Church. This had an effect on Christianity because the Roman Rite contained information that were†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Christianity affected music because it allowed further development of the musical arts. These chants still are used today in the form of gospels and the chants can raise moral in the church. As we ll as being an easier way for people to be exposed to Christianity and a way of recognizing key points in biblical teachings. One societal norm that affected Christianity would be the ecumenical or general council that was established by Constantine. This is a universal gathering of Christian bishops meant to resolve the important issues affecting the whole church. As times were changing, there would be a more issues/conflicts that need to be resolved. Christianity is an integral part in people’s lives and as more issues arose, there needed to be answers to solve. Christianity greatly affected people’s decisions as well as the churches decisions too. With the ecumenical, the church could address more relevant and important problems in the community directly. As a result, some things were further solidified in Christianity and new interpretations could come about. This allowed the Church to move in a positive direction very quickly and shaped Christianity to what we kno w today. An example could be seen in the modern Roman Catholic Church with formal meetings of the Cardinals called upon by the pope. Additionally, bishops today can oversee local churches and be responsible for teaching,Show MoreRelatedThe Reign Of The Carolingian Dynasty1429 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough the reign of the Carolingian dynasty occupied only a brief part of the entirety of the medieval era, the Carolingian Empire that was established during that period made both a historical and cultural impact on medieval society that would resonate for years to come. Until the empire fell in 888, the Carolingian House of the Franks initially brought stability and progress to most of Europe, as well as pioneering a cultural and intellectual renaissance that influenced the remainder of the MiddleRead MoreThe Carolingian Renaissance1472 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿The Carolingian Renaissance is known for the cultural transitions and great achievements that were obtained in the 8th cent ury under the direction of Charlemagne. Charlemagne, who was also known as Carolus Magnus and Charles the Great, was one of the greatest leaders during the Middle Ages. He was a military man, king of the Franks, and was appointed as Roman emperor in 800 AD. Throughout Europe, he was seen as a great example of an emperor and Christian king. Not only did he revive the politicalRead MoreCharlemagne Or Charles The Great1525 Words   |  7 Pagessignificant people during the Middle Ages, playing a key role in defining the shape and character of Medieval Europe. 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The church willRead MoreMedieval Vs. Medieval Era1506 Words   |  7 PagesNorth†. By 800 Western Europe was ruled entirely by Christian kings. Two brothers, Saints Cyril and Methodius, were chosen to be missionaries to the Moravians, and had extensive success there. The Carolingian empire, founded by Charlemagne the Great, started the Carolingian Renaissance, a revival during the late 8th and 9th centuries. The Baptism of Kiev in 988 spread Christianity throughout Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. St. Benedict founded a new type of monastery in Europe, which emphasized a simpleRead MoreEssay on The Arabic Invasion1318 Words   |  6 PagesThe conquests continued unabated during the reigns of Caliphs Omar and Othman, and then by the Umayyads and the Abbasids and other Muslim dynasties that established strong centers of power in the world. By the 11th century AD, the Islamic society could boast of a number of cultural and technical centers of leaning with eminent scholars of all the known disciplines of the time. Thus, when the Arab-Islamic armies invaded distant lands, they carried the rich cultural, political and economic heritageRead MoreMedieval Period in European History1575 Words   |  7 Pagessplit into the sub-categories of early medieval (500-1000), central middle ages (1000-1300), late medieval (1300-1500), and followed by the early modern period (1500-1800). At each of these periods of time important political, economic, social, cultural, religious and scientific changes were being made in Western Europe. Early Medieval The collapse of the Roman Empire led to the emergence of three successor civilizations; Byzantium, Islam, and Western Europe. The absence of a strong central governmentRead MoreEinhard s The Life Of Charlemagne878 Words   |  4 Pages Einhard’s The Life of Charlemagne is one of several prominent texts from Mediaeval Europe. The main focus of the text is on the life of Charlemagne, the Frankish king from the Carolingian dynasty. Under his rule, the Frankish kingdom experiences an extensive period of prosperity and growth, especially in intellectually related areas since Charlemagne himself is a well-known patron of the arts (#). Hence, Charlemagne is the ruler often credited for the â€Å"Roman revival† across Mediaeval Europe. InRead MoreGerman Culture Essay991 Words   |  4 Pageslaureate for physics was Wilhelm Conrad Rà ¶ntgen for the discovery of X-rays. Architecture The architecture is based on Carolingian and Ottonian styles, the precursors of Romanesque. It also constitutes of remarkable works in Gothic, Renaissance, Classicism, Historicism and Baroque styles. Germany has diverse architectural styles as a result of fragmentation of the country during centuries. The major architectural sites include Abbey Church of St. Michaels, Speyer Cathedral, Freiburg Cathedral, andRead MoreThe Fall Of The Western Roman Empire1352 Words   |  6 Pagesinto a very chaotic period. This period known as the dark ages would see numerous kingdoms rise and fall. The constant shifting of territories and fealties made it very difficult for the culture and technologies of the roman age to remain intact. During this period survival of body over ruled the survival of the mind. In 742 CE a boy was born into the Frank kingdom located in what would become modern Belgium. Modern history would recognize this boy as Charles I or Charles Magnus more commonly referred

Cats Organizational Structure - 1731 Words

Caterpillar’s Organizational Structure Caterpillar is a corporation that designs, manufactures and sells diesel and natural gas engines, construction, and mining equipment. Since the year 1905 Caterpillar has been a corporation that has evolved by making significant improvements to its machinery by taking advantage of the available technology, and it has had the ability to adapt to the dynamic changes and demands of the construction industry. Many significant events have occurred in this business to make this company what it is nowadays, a very prestigious and successful company around the world. In the year 1906 in San Francisco California, when one of the most significant earthquakes took place, the company made a remarkable use of its†¦show more content†¦A completely independent Board of Directors conformed by members outside the company (non-employees). The CEO oversees five group presidents. These groups of presidents supervise twenty-five vice presidents who are in control facilities, geographical regions, marketing regions and four service centers (see fig. 3). Fig. 3. Caterpillar’s Organizational structure. The Official Board. Orgeanizational Chart Caterpillar, April 3, 2012. lt;http://www.theofficialboard.com/org-chart/caterpillargt;. As we can see in the table, the corporation does not rely heavily in management levels; instead the chain of command is not very tall; which makes very dynamic the flowing of ideas and orders from Directors to line and production managers. This decentralized structure that took place in the early 1900’s was a key strategy to get closer to customers and satisfy more efficiently to their needs. The actual structure of the company is a clear insicator of how the company evolves constantly with the industy; the leadership understand the importance of being constantly involved with the employees at all levels. In the year 2004, the back then vice president of the company Christioano V Schena; shared an interesting story that demonstrated the effectiveness and results that good management can do for the Company.Show MoreRelatedFinancial Management : Key Performance Metrics10327 Words   |  42 Pagessection also speaks to same-day price reactions likewise. Of particular importance in the factors affecting market pricing changes is the news of structural or organizational changes within an organization, important personnel changes, particularly of key leaders, future corporate predictions and how those affect prices, and finally organizational and industrial developments and future plans that can have a positive or negative impact on the corporation and therefore prices. In Section 4 we discussRead MoreBus 210 Week 4 Swot Analysis Essay2473 Words   |  10 Pagesexperienced business Owners, (Shelly, and Keith Harwood) with plans for, adding an outsourcing of part-time Team of Multi-Level employee labor source. Labor and personnel plans are to include the organizational group of part-time cross-functional Team of employees under control of the hierarchical structure of; Senior and Multi-level outsource management during the busy season. The financial plan for implementation is the initial owner financing investment of $65k. The projected gross net profitRead MoreThe Effect of the Use of Social Networking Sites in the Workplace on Job Performance18692 Words   |  75 Pagesworkplace is a waste of time while others believe it leads to improvements in job performance. This study attempts to resolve this controversy by examining the use of social networking sites in the workplace and its effect on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, absenteeism, turnover intention, innovative behavior, and job performance. Based on literature, a research model and hypotheses were developed. The research model predicts that social networking site use intensity will influence employeeRead MoreCat - Make Dealer Your Partners8009 Words   |  33 Pagescomputer also tells him exactly which parts and tools he will need to make the repair. Then, with a touch of a key, the technician ties into Caterpillars worldwide information system, which links dealers. Caterpillars parts-distrihution facilities. Cats and its suppliers factories, and large customers inventory systems. He instantly determines the best sources of the parts and the times when each source can deliver them to the dealers drop-off point. Next, the technician sends a proposal toRead MoreSample Assignment28504 Words   |  115 Pagescompensable factors were explained and justified. Perhaps a better presentation could have been achieved – although there is the odd confusion between person and job based factors (e.g. p20). Similarly the discussion of the development of multiple structures on the basis of a single set of comp factors is not clearly explained. Phase 2 is probably the strongest section. Phase 3 would have benefitted from more detail†¦ Awareness of the link between proposals/practices and parties’ respective interests

Australian Because Of Marketing Strategies â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Australian Because Of Marketing Strategies? Answer: Introduction Marketing is a concept that is used by business organisations to gain a better understanding of the consumers in the market and also to create a demand for their products or services in the market, using different sources of media, such as printed media, digital media, online sources, etc. (Silk, 2006) Marketing is considered to be an important part of the business because it allows business organisations to assure and remind their customers about their presence in the market and how the products and services being offered by them can satisfy the demand of the customers. Aldi Company Background Aldi, officially known as ALDI, is a discount supermarket chain that operates in more than 18 countries. The company has around 10,000 stores in different parts of the world and has an estimate turnover of 50 billion. The company is headquartered in Germany and was founded by Karl and Theo Albrecht in 1946. The company started its global expansion during 1967 when it acquired Hofer, which was an Australian grocery chain. The company has been working hard to tap the Australian market and end the duopoly of two supermarket chains in Australia. The mission statement of the company provide you incredibly high quality at impossibly low prices communicated the intent of the company. This report has been prepared to gain a deeper insight into the marketing strategies being used by Aldi supermarket chain in Australia. Aldi Australia Porter 5 force analysis Porter 5 force analysis is a strategic framework that helps in analysing the macro environment factors that have an impact on the business of an organisation. The five forces analysed in the model are threats of new market entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitute products and industrial rivalry. An analysis of Aldis position in Australia, using Porters five force model is given below: Threats of new entrants the threat of new market entrants to Aldi in Australia can be considered as high as it operates in the grocery industry, where it is relatively easier to enter the market using successful strategies of other brands. Even though there are certain legal obligations that are required to be fulfilled in order to enter the Australian market, Aldi is still likely to face competition from some major global supermarket brands, such as Wal-Mart, Tesco, etc. that are trying to enter the Australian market. Threat of substitute products the threat of substitute products can also be considered as high because there are a number of brands in Australia that can offer competitive products to Aldis competitors. Further, the cost to switch to other products is also not much for the customers, in case they are not satisfied with the products being offered in Aldis retail stores (Sharma, 2015). Overall, Aldi still has a upper hand in the market because of the mind set of people regarding Aldi, which is low price, good quality. Bargaining power of suppliers the bargaining power of suppliers is low in the industry in which Aldi operates because there are a number of competitive firms that can provide competitive products. Australian suppliers will be more than interested to get into business with a global firm like Aldi as it would offer them a clear advantage over the other suppliers (Carreno, et al., 2011). As a result, Aldi has an upper hand in the bargaining process when it comes to suppliers and can negotiate the prices of the products with ease. Furthermore, backward integration of large retailers in Australia has lowered the bargaining power of suppliers even more. Bargaining power of buyers the effect of bargaining power of buyers on Aldi can be considered as moderate because in the Australian market, there are a number of major supermarket stores and rival products. Further, the cost of switching to other brands and products is almost negligible, which poses a high threat to the company but the fact that the company is able offers better quality products at lower prices provides it a competitive edge over its rivals and the buyers are less likely to make a shift. Competitive rivalry The competitive rivalry in the supermarket industry of Australia is high because there were already a number of players established in the market even before Aldi started expanding its business (Smith, 2010). Further, the Australian supermarket might also face a risk from new market entrants in the near future because a number of global supermarket chains are trying to enter the Australian market and tap the market share of established Australian supermarkets. Aldi marketing strategies Aldi entered the Australian market at a time when Coles and Woolworths had already established themselves as the industrial leaders. It has only been possible because of Aldis marketing strategies that it was able to tap such a great market share and give a tough competition to the Australian supermarket leaders (Jokaroh, 2016). Since the very beginning, Aldi has been aiming at targeting a broader market, which has actually helped the company in capturing a sufficient volume of customers and achieve economies of scale. The company has divided its products into different categories i.e. basic discounted products, mid-range products and specialty goods. Offering products in different category has allowed Aldi in targeting different market segments in Australia (Australian Food News, 2017). Aldi has promoted itself as a low cost supermarket experience, which has allowed the brand to capture the interest of the customers and outperform its competitors, such as Coles, Woolworth and IGA on the basis of its pricing strategy. The pricing strategy of the company has been so aggressive that a research concluded that a basket comprising of 28 Aldis private labelled products was $26.56 cheaper than that of Coles and $31.72 less than that of Woolworth (Clemons, 2015). Future market strategies The global business world is complex and even the industrial leaders have to strive hard to maintain their position in the market. Similarly, Aldi needs to work hard to maintain its market position in Australia and to continue on its path of growth. Certain marketing strategies that would help Aldi in gaining more success, throughout the next decade, are discussed below: First of all, the strategy of the company to offer higher quality products at lower prices has helped the company in grabbing a greater market share in Australia. Thus, the company should continue to use this strategy in future and should use the same strategy and expand its business to other parts of Australia. Secondly, the company uses a simple digital strategy in which it reminds its customers of its presence through e-mails and online based information, which should be upgraded as soon as possible. The modern day business world is highly dependent on digital or e-commerce business models and Aldi should introduce an e-commerce business model for its Australian customers as soon as possible. Starting offering products and services online will help Aldi to reach out to a greater customer base in Australia and even target those places where it hasnt been able to expand its business till now. An e-commerce business model will also help Aldi in setting up a better market position and preparing to compete with global supermarket brands like Wal-Mart and Tesco, in case they start to expand their business in Australia. Thirdly, Aldi can start promoting its brand and e-commerce model through online media sources, such as social media websites like Facebook, Twitter, etc. Such marketing activities will enable to the company to reach out to a greater number of customers in the market and direct them to their e-commerce home page, where they can display all the exclusive offers and convince the customer to make a buying decision. Lastly, to gain a better competitive position in the Australian market and to sustain in the market for the next decade, Aldi needs to implement marketing strategies that would allow it to offer fresh products to its customers. The demand for unpackaged and fresh products is increasing at a very high rate in Australia and incorporating such products in its portfolio will help Aldi in targeting more customers and outperform supermarkets like Coles and Woolworths Conclusion Even though Aldi entered the Australian market at a much later stage when companies like Coles and Woolworths had already established themselves in the market, it has managed to grab a considerable share of the Australian market because of its marketing strategies. At present, Aldi holds strong position in the Australian market because of its ability to offer higher quality products at cheaper prices but is still at a risk when it comes to new market entrants. Aldi faces a threat from global companies like Wal-Mart and Tesco, that are eyeing the Australian market for business expansion. As a result, Aldi should implement certain strategies that will help it in sustaining the market competition in the coming decade References Australian Food News, 2017. Aldi announces new business strategy. [Online] Available at: https://www.ausfoodnews.com.au/2017/05/15/aldi-announces-new-business-strategy.html[Accessed 2 October 2017]. Clemons, R., 2015. Which supermarket has the cheapest groceries?. [Online] Available at: https://www.choice.com.au/shopping/everyday-shopping/supermarkets/articles/ cheapest-groceries-australia[Accessed 2 October 2017]. Jokroh, 2016. ALDIS AUDACIOUS MARKETING STRATEGY: IS THIS THE END OF SUPERMARKET DUOPOLY IN AUSTRALIA?. [Online] Available at: https://mpk732t12016clusterb.wordpress.com/2016/04/09/aldis-audacious-marketing-strategy-is-this-the-end-of-supermarket-duopoly-in-australia-4/[Accessed 2 October 2017]. Carreno, C., Almartmy, H. Tyagi, S., 2011. Strategic HRM Group Report. [Online] Available at: https://shitijtyagi.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/aldi_final_report.pdf [ccessed 2 October 2017]. Smith, C., 2010. Aldi in Australia - Case Study Analysis. [Online] Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/ChrishanSmith/aldi-australia-case-part-1[Accessed 2 October 2017]. Sharma, R., 2015. PESTEL Framework Porters Five Forces | Aldi. [Online] Available at: https://thinketc.com/pestel-framework-porters-five-forces-aldi/[Accessed 2 October 2017]. Silk, A. J., 2006. What is Marketing?. s.l.:Harvard Business Press.

Measures of Disease Frequency

According to Aschengrau and Seage (2008), measures of disease frequency are the â€Å"building blocks† employed by epidemiologists to evaluate effects of a disease on humans (2008, p.59).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Measures of Disease Frequency specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When measures of disease frequency are compared, they consolidate building blocks in a constructive manner and permits one to define the correlation between characteristics and a disorder. It is possible to compare disease frequencies between diverse populations. For instance, an epidemiologist may aspire to compare disease frequencies between inhabitants of the United States and Haiti in terms of demographic attributes such as gender, age, race and socio-economic aspects. Other demographic attributes that can be compared are personal habits (i.e. cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption) and environmental aspects (i.e. water an d air pollution). What’s more, an epidemiologist may opt to compare prevalence rates of coronary heart ailment between inhabitants of the US and Haiti or amongst smokers and nonsmokers, whites and blacks, men and women, and in areas prevalent with low and high pollution levels (Aschengrau Seage, 2008, p.60). There are several reasons to explain why the crude birth rate in Haiti is lower than in the United States. First of all, the United States is more populated than Haiti. Secondly, the population proportion of elderly persons in the US is higher than in Haiti. Therefore, the higher proportion of elderly persons in the US explains why the country has a higher crude mortality rate than Haiti.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the per capita income in the US is significantly higher than in Haiti. Consequently, many US citizens spent their earnings on promiscuo us lifestyle activities such as smoking, alcohol drinking and drug abuse which increase disease frequency (Xu et al., 2009, p.5). Improvements in diagnostic criteria can significantly reduce the prevalence of an existing health condition. The critical rationale for diagnostic criteria is that it facilitates the establishment of the threshold for diagnosis of an ailment in those circumstances where the symptoms of the disease manifest themselves. However, there are several diagnoses where the symptom criteria demand the existence of impairment with respect to level of functioning that are plainly deemed as clinically significant. Numerous DSM categories exist for which the symptom criteria infer substantial suffering. One might assume that in such incidences, the clinical significance criterion is irrelevant since the distress condition has been fulfilled. Nonetheless, this is not the case since the requirement for diagnostic criterion (that the ailment be clinically considerable) ma y raise the threshold for diagnosis thereby disregarding some false positive (Spitzer Wakefield, 1999, p. 1860). There is no doubt that a shorter duration of a health condition reduces the prevalence of a health condition. For instance, the disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is used to compare the significance of health interventions among diverse health outcomes among various ages.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Measures of Disease Frequency specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, when DALY increases (as a result of health intervention), the prevalence of a health condition reduces. Similarly, a decrease in the incidence of a disease reduces the prevalence of a health condition since diagnostic and preventive measures are already in place to deter the recurrence of the health condition (Musgrove Fox-Rushby, 2008, p.2). Finally, the loss of healthy people from the population for other reasons neither increas es nor decreases the prevalent of a health condition since their deaths are not caused by the existing health condition. References Aschengrau, A., Seage, GR. (2008). Essentials of Epidemiology in Public Health. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Musgrove, P Fox-Rushby, J. (2008). Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Priority Settings. New York: Oxford University Press. Spritzer, R. Wakefield, J. (1999). DSM-IV Diagnostic Criterion for Clinical Significance: Does it Help Solve the False Positive Problem? Am J Psychiatry, 156, 1856-1864. Xu, J., Kochanek, KD. Tejada-Vera, B. (2009). Preliminary Data for 2007. National Vital Statistics Reports, 58(1), 1-51.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Measures of Disease Frequency was written and submitted by user Bobby B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.