African American and Black Women Essay Example for Free

African American and Black Women Essay The article â€Å"Hip-Hop Betrayal of Black Women† was written by Jennifer McLune and appeared in Z magazine Online in the July 2006 issue. McLune argues that sexism in hip-hop’s culture is a big part and has helped make the industry what it is today. This article can be divided into 5 different sections. In the first section, she talks about Kevin Powell and how he writes how men talk about women in hip-hop. McLune goes on to say that even wealthy white boys talked about African American women in their songs, yet its okay with society. The second section she gives examples of entertainers that talk down on women and some that do not. Common, The Roots, and Talib Kweli are the artist are the artist she names that don’t talk bad about women, but they don’t stop other artist from doing so. Also they back up the artist that does degrade women so in reality they aren’t doing enough. Even black female artist are right along with the men talking about other females (McLune, 297). In the following section, McLune talks about the protest that women have done with little help to the situation. The misogyny is an attack on a woman’s character and it makes the black community looks bad as a whole (McLune, 298). The fourth section is about the acceptance of the hip-hop culture towards black women. Everyone makes excuses and tries to justify what’s going on in hip-hop, but few have actual answers to help. At a point black women writers were called traitors for writing articles and complaining about what was going on (McLune, 299). The author concludes that hip-hop thrives around the fact they bash black women and if they didn’t do this then black women would be more respected in today’s society. After careful examination of McLune’s use of rhetorical appeals, evidence of pathos, logos, and ethos were used throughout the article. McLune wrote about the discrimination of black women throughout hip-hop. The dominate rhetorical appeal used by McLune is pathos, which â€Å"is an emotional appeal that involves using language that will stair the feelings of the audience† (Hooper, etal 86). She complains about being a black woman and hearing the excuses for men when they talk about women in hip-hop and how it is just okay with society. McLune is also irate about the fact that Eve, who is a female rapper raps about women in a bad way and doesn’t seem to think that, that is not right. Another type of appeal McLune uses is logos â€Å"which demonstrates an effective use of reason and judicious use of evidence† (Hooper, etal 86). Back in the 60s it was wrong and considered unfair to demonize colored men, but yet the men in today’s society are disrespecting colored women. The author explains how record labels exploit this and benefit off of the disrespect artist show black women. The least used appeal by McLune is ethos â€Å"which establishes the speaker’s or writer’s credibility† (Hooper, etal 86). Hip-hop owes its success to woman hating. Few artist dare to be different and not speak badly about women and the ones that do, they don’t make it clear that they feel it’s disrespectful for rappers to demoralize women which is not good in itself. McLune uses evidence to support her claim, one type of evidence she uses is examples she brings up Jay-Z rap lyrics and how he talks about women in his songs, â€Å"I pimp hard on a trick, look Fuck if your leg broke bitch, hop up on your good leg. † Also talks about good rappers such as Talib Kweli and how he has been praised for his song â€Å"Black Girl Pain†, but at the same time McLune feels he isn’t fully aware of the pain a black girl goes through. Another type is when McLune uses expert opinions such as Kevin Powell, she quotes him in â€Å"Notes of a Hip Hop Head† he writes that you’d think men didn’t like women as much as they talked about them and how they refer to them as baby mommas, chickenheads, or b*****s (McLune, 297). McLune believes that hip-hop has benefitted from the woman bashing and Powell believes that it has spawned on its own terms of making something out of nothing. A third type is comparisons between other women writers that have spoke about this topic whose articles have been pushed away and they have been called traitors for refusing to be silent about the disrespect the rap community has given black women. Finally, several types of rhetorical fallacies are apparent in this article. One type is ad hominem â€Å"which refers to a personal attack on an opponent that draws attention away from the issues under consideration† (Hooper, etal 93). McLune talks about Jay-Z and his rap lyrics how they are degrading women and explains that he is one of the worst ones in the industry. Another type of fallacy is bandwagon â€Å"which is an argument saying, in effect, everyone’s doing or saying or thinking this, so you should, too† (Hooper, etal 93). For example, she says that same rappers don’t talk about women in their raps, but they don’t say anything to the rappers that do. In reality they know if they were to say something to those rappers that they probably would have a hard time getting somewhere in the rap industry. A final type of rhetorical fallacy is red herring â€Å"that means dodging the real issue by drawing attention to an irrelevant one† (Hooper, etal 95). Kevin Powell blames the negatives in hip-hop on everything but the hip-hop culture itself, he thinks it is another reason for that. McLune also talks about rap lyrics that are bad, but doesn’t bring up the good rap lyrics about women. As a result of man’s betrayal of black women in hip-hop the black women is not respected in today’s society which has been talked about in several articles. Another author who addresses this issue is Johnnetta B. Cole in â€Å"What Hip-Hop has done to Black Women† Cole explains that it has been a growing war between Black men and women since the 60s and hip-hop is a significant and influential site of contemporary gender battles (Cole 90). Both authors state that hip-hop has generated a lot of profit from the way that rap artist talk down on black women. We can follow McLune’s proposal to boycott rap music and maybe just maybe they will realize what they are saying in their songs actually have an impact on the black community and that to make things better artist have to respect woman. Music is a big part in everyday life and it would be hard to get everybody on the same page as to boycott it, but something must happen because black women do need to be treated much better by black men. If society can manage to boycott rap music then artist would be forced to listen to the peoples concern and change their music for the better (McLune, 300). Works Cited Cole, Johnnetta B. â€Å"What hip-hop has done to Black women. † Ebony Mar. 2007: 90. Print. Hooper, M. Clay, Teta Banks, D. Marzette, Beth Arnette Wade. Eds. Analytical Writing: A Guide to College Composition I. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. 2011. Print. McLune, Jennifer. â€Å"Hip-Hop’s Betrayal of Black Women. † Analytical Writing: A Guide to College Composition I. Ed. M. Clay Hooper, Teta Banks, D. Marzette, Beth Arnette Wade. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, 2011. 296-300. Print.

Mozambique Essay -- essays research papers

Mozambique- a beautiful stretch of land off the Southeast coast of Africa. It is specifically located at latitude 40’27’S to 26’52’S, and longitude from 30’31E to 40’51’E. It’s east coast shores are some of the most tranquilizing while the west coast is bordered by South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi, and Tanzania coming from south to north. Mozambique is famous for the Zambesi River and its contribution to the power supply of central Africa. Today the capital of Mozambique is Maputo. The whole country is a largely tropical area that is susceptible to both drought and flooding.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Mozambique is so vast that it must be broken up into three regions; the North the Zambesi river basin, and the south. The Zambesi River cuts Mozambique in half and is the heart of the land. The numerous other rivers are important to the economy and it’s livelihood as well. It is because of the rivers and the fertility of the soil, that 80% of the population are in agriculture. The countryside is also densely forested and has been exploited for local building material. This country has everything from high mountains, to low rivers, to beautiful beaches. It is truly underdeveloped and has yet to reveal it’s most mysterious secrets.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The earliest settlers in Mozambique were Muslim traders dating all the way back to the eighth century. Hence, the linguistic diversity is as vast as the land. Three widespread languages; Makna-Lomwe, Tsonga, and Shona are known throughout the land, while each region or subculture may speak a different tongue. For instance, at the Northern tip of Mozambique, the peoples speak Swahili. A Bantu language that originated from the co-mingling of Arabic and African peoples. The peoples of Mozambique are many. Ten separate cultures are nationally recognized, but each culture has many subcultures that were the results of the biological and cultural mixing of several populations. As the ethnicity is diverse, so is the religious connotation. Tribal religious practices account for 70% or more of the ethnic groups north of the Save river. In places, people are associated with the Christian and Muslim faiths’ and there is also evidence of Baptist and Protestant groups.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It will be a struggle for these indigene cultures to keep their unity alive during the Portuguese invasion, but their ... ..., and racial discrimination were not in effect, if that can really happen, but that is what was at least professed. It seems that the people were freed, but then left with nothing and nothing to work with. The plan of attack dealing with the agriculture aspect effected the control of much needed markets. Due to unsuccessful attempts concerning economic policies led to massive social dislocation and economic collapse. In efforts to meet everyone’s needs, FRELIMO gave up total reign of the political process.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Today, Mozambique faces many problems including those health and disease related . Some poor choices concerning the closure of transportation routes with Southern Rhodesia were made under FRELIMO. This specific act resulted in a $200million in lost transit revenues. Obviously the situation is less than hoped for. It is s o sad to see a country that is plagued by colonialism and in it is efforts for independence it gets left with less than it had before. Hopefully it will find the strength to pull itself out of the water. As for it’s future, it is up to the new generations to educate themselves and advance their economic and technological resources.

Incorporating More Counselors and Psychologist in Schools to Help Young Children

Incorporating More Counselors and Psychologist in Schools to help Young Children This research proposal will explore the need to incorporate more psychologist and counselors in schools in order to help children with various psychological needs. The main reason for choosing this area of study is because there has been a general perception that young children as young as 4 years do not have challenges that may require the attention of counselors.However, research has shown that there are issues like grief, bullying, behavioral disorders that hinder young children from realizing their potential or enjoying their childhood life (Buckroyd 132; Cash 28; Linda170). Most of these challenges manifest in different ways later in life (Susan et al. , 330). For example, research evidence has linked parental neglect early in life to increased probability of engaging in crime later in life. However, these challenges can be resolved by effective counseling programs during childhood. The study will u se a survey method where it will collect both primary and secondary data.The primary data will be collected through interview method using structured questionnaire to interview counselors and school administrators. The collected data will be analyzed using thematic analysis in order to understand the major issues that pertains to counseling young children. Annotated Bibliography Buckroyd, Flitton J. â€Å"counseling Children and Young People who attend a School for Children with Complex Needs: a case study. † Counseling & Psychotherapy Research (CPR), 5. 2(2005): 131-137. Print. In this study the authors exploring the effect of counseling children with complex needs.The report showed that children reported improvement including improved communication, self-awareness, and self confidence. Cash, Ralph. â€Å"Depression in Young Children: Information for parents and educators. † National Association of School Psychologists, 2004. Print. This source gives important informa tion about depression in young children. The source is important for this study because it creates the necessity for introducing counseling services for young children through school based counseling programs. Linda, Goldman. â€Å"Counseling with children in contemporary society. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 26. 2(2004): 168-187. Print. This article looks at different elements concerning children’ developmental understanding of issues like death and how they may affect children at their young age. The author therefore roots for effective counseling and therapeutic session to help children understand such issues and learn how to live with them. Pattison, Sue, Rowland Nancy, Cromarty Karen, Richards Kaye, Jenkins Peter, Cooper Mick, Polat Filiz and Couchman Angela. â€Å"Counseling in Schools: A research study into services for children and young people in Wales. Welsh Assembly Government, 2007. Print. This is a report of a government funded research project which ev aluated counseling in UK schools. The survey research recommended that providing counseling services for young children requires qualified counselors, sustainable funding, accessible and appropriate services, and culturally accepted counseling. This source will be important for the study because it provides information on the needs of establishing a counseling program. Sue Pattison and Belinda Harris. â€Å"Counselling Children and Young People: A review of the evidence for its effectiveness. Counseling & Psychotherapy Research, 6. 4 (2006): 233-237. Print. The study explores different methodologies and approaches that can be used in counseling young children. The study shows the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral, psychoanalytic, humanistic, and creative therapies at different levels in addressing different counseling problems. Susan Danby, Carly Butler, and Michael Emission. â€Å"’Have you Talked with a Teacher Yet? ’: How helpline counselors support young call ers being bullied at school. † Children and Society, 25. 4 (2011): 328-339. Print.Bullying is one of the major problems facing young children in school. In this study, the authors showed that helpline counselors can assist children cope with bullying and perform better at school. Velsor, Patricia. â€Å"Revisiting basic counseling skills with children. † Journal of Counseling and Development, 82. 3 (2004): 313-318. Print. This article offers insight into the skills that are required for counselors who offer school based counseling programs for young children. The article highlights different micro skills that counselors should harbor to help young children facing challenges at school and community.Wallace Alison, Holloway Lee, Woods Ronald, Malloy Lucinda and Rose Jillian. â€Å"The Psychological and Emotional Wellbeing Needs of Children and Young People: Models of effective practice in educational settings. † Final Report by Department of Education and Communiti es, (2011). Print. In this report, the authors discuss the components of the wellbeing of young children. Among these needs, an effective counselling service is listed. This report is important for this study because it shows the importance of counseling for young children.

Essay about The Arguments for and Against Drug Testing in...

The Arguments for 1 Running head: THE ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST The Arguments For and Against Drug Testing in the Work Place Becky M. Kanipe Orientation to Doctoral Learning in Psychology The Arguments For 2 Abstract The issues of whether society should permit the business sector to test for the presence of illegal drug use by the employees, is one in which seemingly convincing arguments can be proposed to support it, as well as equally convincing arguments against the concept. In this paper, I will explore the controversy from several different perspectives, analyzing the most important arguments both for and against permitting businesses to engage in employee drug testing. I will begin†¦show more content†¦Thats almost 10,000 doctors, treating perhaps 200,000 patients every day. In an operating room with one anaesthetist, a consultant and two junior doctors there is a fifty percent risk that one of the team is a substance abuser. (Bernbach 2007)†¨ Other arguments for testing are that drug testing is cheap. Breathalyzers cost forty dollars with virtually no running costs while urine tests costs twelve dollars for drugs. They only have to be carried out on a few to be effec tive. Positive test rates have fallen The Arguments for 5 from thirteen percent to five percent in a decade. According to Cialdini, â€Å"This is a method that works.† He also explains that random testing is barbaric unless introduced sensitively as part of a comprehensive package of education and access to confidential treatment. The primary aim should not be to attack the employee, but to discourage the drug use, offer help and treat the individual. The most effective programs are those where the workforce approves a humane, compassionate and fair anti-drugs policy. †¨ There are many arguments against drug testing from the high cost to infringing on a person’s rights. When it comes to actual drug tests many of the arguments surround the inaccuracy of the tests rather than the cost. Kurdek stated that,†There are many unresolved problems with testing: for example cannabis tests are almost useless with positive tests weeks after use. What blood levels areShow MoreRelatedShould Drug Testing Welfare Recipients?1679 Words   |  7 Pagesnot those who test positive for drugs should be able to receive welfare. It was an argument that flooded social media, arguments filling comments with opinions. It is a subject that continues to be discussed within our peer groups, our communities, and our states. 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